Translations:Mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/3/en

• Bone marrow: abundant in MSCs capable of differentiation into many cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, hepatocytes etc. Bone marrow-derived MSCs are an attractive material for therapeutic purposes, although their differentiation potential depends on many factors, including the age of the donor, however, a certain limitation of obtaining MSC from the bone marrow is the procedure of their collection, which is an invasive method
• Adipose tissue: rich in MSCs that are highly proliferative, easily obtainable through liposuction, and capable of differentiating into cells of adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic lineages.
• Skeletal muscle: distinct from the exclusively myogenic satellite cells, muscle-derived MSCs are capable of differentiation into cells of osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages , however, they are primarily used to repair skeletal muscle tissue. They are characterised by high self-renewal properties, and can be obtained by biopsy from any muscle of the body
• Skin: a source of highly proliferative cells, used especially for dermis regeneration, e.g. in treatment of extensive burns, but also capable of differentiation into myo-, adipo-, osteo- and chondrocytes, as well as neural and pancreatic cells. MSCs can be also isolated from hair follicles, which is probably the most easy and non-invasive way of obtaining stem cells; hair follicle MSCs can undergo adipogenesis and osteogenesis .
• Dental pulp: an easily accessible source of MSCs during dental surgeries. Dental pulp MSCs are usually used for bone and neural regeneration; their chondrogenic differentiation capacity is limited compared to other types of MSCs. However, some studies show a decrease in the proliferative activity of MSCs isolated from the dental pulp associated with the number of passages of cultivation time .
• Placenta: abundant in MSCs characterised by high proliferation rates and strong immunosuppressive effects, capable of differentiation into e.g. hepatocytes or pancreatic cells .
• Amniotic fluid: MSCs originating from amniotic fluid are mainly used alongside surgery as autologous material to aid organ repair in treatment of congenital birth anomalies such as spina bifida, diaphragmatic hernia or cardiac defects. Amniotic fluid is accessible by needle aspiration, and only small quantities are necessary to establish a cell culture, as they have ability to proliferate rapidly.