Osteogeneza/en - Historia wersji

Msol o 06:33, 25 paź 2021

2021-10-25T06:33:08Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 06:33, 25 paź 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
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	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.		Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.
Linia 7:		Linia 6:
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.
	~~</div>~~

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

FuzzyBot: Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej

2021-10-25T06:31:30Z

Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 06:31, 25 paź 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.		Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.
Linia 6:		Linia 7:
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.
			</div>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 08:34, 25 cze 2021

2021-06-25T08:34:31Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 08:34, 25 cze 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	~~<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">~~
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.		Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.
Linia 6:		Linia 5:
	The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.		The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.
	~~</div>~~

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

FuzzyBot: Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej

2021-06-25T08:33:55Z

Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 08:33, 25 cze 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.		Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.
Linia 6:		Linia 7:
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.
			</div>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 12:27, 27 kwi 2021

2021-04-27T12:27:27Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 12:27, 27 kwi 2021
Linia 5:		Linia 5:
	The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.		The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>.MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>. MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 11:49, 27 kwi 2021

2021-04-27T11:49:59Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 11:49, 27 kwi 2021
Linia 5:		Linia 5:
	The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.		The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.
	There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.		There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
	Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> < ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>.MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.		Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> <ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>.MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 11:47, 27 kwi 2021

2021-04-27T11:47:51Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 11:47, 27 kwi 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Osteogenesis is the process of ~~differentiation of the~~ multipotent stem ~~cell originating from~~ the third germ layer ~~into osteoblasts~~, and ~~subsequently~~ into ~~osteocytes~~. ~~As a result~~ of ~~this~~ process~~, bone~~ tissue is ~~formed~~, ~~which~~ is ~~undergoing under physiological conditions~~ ~~constant rearrangement~~. The ~~ability to form bone tissue is one~~ of the ~~earliest described feature~~ of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (~~MSCs~~) ~~isolated from~~ bone ~~marrow~~.		Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue formation by multipotent stem cells of the third germ layer-origin - the mesoderm. A stem cell at an early stage of osteogenic development, after receiving a differentiation signal, becomes a bone tissue progenitor cell and loses the ability to differentiate into other cells of mesenchymal origin.
			Osteogenesis is started during embryonal development (around week 8) and ends when the organism reaches maturity; in humans it occurs between the ages of 20 and 25.
			The process of osteogenesis arising on the basis of the embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) is called ossification on the connective tissue substrate and takes place mainly during the formation of flat bones of the skull, mandible, maxilla and collarbones. In turn, for the growth of the long and short bones, and the natural healing of fractures is responsible osteogenesis on the cartilage basis.
			There are two main populations of bone cells with complementary activities - bone-forming cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts)<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref>.
			Osteoblasts are the precursor cells of osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are originate from two embryonic cell populations: mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) <ref>Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143</ref>. The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts depends on the activity of many cytokines and growth factors (e.g. BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF) and on the activation of transcription factors inducing the osteogenesis process (Osterix, Runx2 )<ref>Jann J, Gascon S, Roux S, Faucheux N. Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7597. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207597</ref> <ref>Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9726. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249726</ref> < ref>Huntley R, Jensen E, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep. 2019 May 5;10:100207. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207</ref> <ref>Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00622-5</ref> <ref>Linkhart TA, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone. 1996 Jul;19(1 Suppl):1S-12S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x</ref>.MSC differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce type I collagen and proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Osteoblasts also produce proteins and glycoproteins involved in bone mineralization: osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. After the maturation process, osteoblasts form osteocytes and their function is primarily the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Moreover, osteoblasts indirectly regulate the formation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and remodeling through osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, paracrine signaling, and cell-bone matrix interaction. Maintaining a balance in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential in bone homeostasis and in the process of bone remodeling, and in the bone fractures repair. An imbalance in their activity leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

2021-01-22T14:52:46Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:52, 22 sty 2021
Linia 3:		Linia 3:
	Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of the multipotent stem cell originating from the third germ layer into osteoblasts, and subsequently into osteocytes. As a result of this process, bone tissue is formed, which is undergoing under physiological conditions constant rearrangement. The ability to form bone tissue is one of the earliest described feature of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow.		Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of the multipotent stem cell originating from the third germ layer into osteoblasts, and subsequently into osteocytes. As a result of this process, bone tissue is formed, which is undergoing under physiological conditions constant rearrangement. The ability to form bone tissue is one of the earliest described feature of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow.

	=~~Bibliografia~~=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition= Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of the multipotent stem cell originating from the third germ layer into osteoblasts, and subsequently into os..."

2021-01-22T14:52:23Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition= Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of the multipotent stem cell originating from the third germ layer into osteoblasts, and subsequently into os..."

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:52, 22 sty 2021
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	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=~~Definicja~~=		=Definition=
	~~Osteogenezą nazywamy proces różnicowania się multipotencjalnej komórki macierzystej~~, ~~pochodzącej z trzeciego listka zarodkowego~~, ~~do osteoblastów~~, ~~a potem do osteocytów. W wyniku tego procesu formowana jest tkanka kostna, która w warunkach fizjologicznych ulega ciągłej rearanżacji~~. ~~Zdolność do formowania tkanki kostnej jest jedną z najwcześniej opisanych właściwości Mezenchymalnych Komórek Macierzystych~~ (~~MSC~~) ~~izolowanych ze szpiku kostnego~~.		Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of the multipotent stem cell originating from the third germ layer into osteoblasts, and subsequently into osteocytes. As a result of this process, bone tissue is formed, which is undergoing under physiological conditions constant rearrangement. The ability to form bone tissue is one of the earliest described feature of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow.

	=Bibliografia=		=Bibliografia=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "Osteogenesis"

2021-01-22T14:51:51Z

Utworzono nową stronę "Osteogenesis"

Nowa strona

<languages/>
=Definicja=
Osteogenezą nazywamy proces różnicowania się multipotencjalnej komórki macierzystej, pochodzącej z trzeciego listka zarodkowego, do osteoblastów, a potem do osteocytów. W wyniku tego procesu formowana jest tkanka kostna, która w warunkach fizjologicznych ulega ciągłej rearanżacji. Zdolność do formowania tkanki kostnej jest jedną z najwcześniej opisanych właściwości Mezenchymalnych Komórek Macierzystych (MSC) izolowanych ze szpiku kostnego.

=Bibliografia=