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	<id>http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste%2Fen</id>
	<title>Komórki macierzyste/en - Historia wersji</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T14:07:12Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=1178&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 08:31, 25 cze 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=1178&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-06-25T08:31:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 08:31, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The first germ layer (ectoderm) – nerve, epithelium, skin appendages,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The first germ layer (ectoderm) – nerve, epithelium, skin appendages,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The second germ layer (endoderm) – digestive system, respiratory system, endocrine system, urinary tract, sense organs,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The second germ layer (endoderm) – digestive system, respiratory system, endocrine system, urinary tract, sense organs,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The third germ layer (mesoderm) – bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, smooth muscles, heart muscle, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue. The example of multipotent cells of third germ layer are  [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en|Mesenchymal Stem Cells]]. Multipotent cells reside in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cellular &lt;/del&gt;niches, and their number usually decreases with age and with the body's ability to renew itself.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*The third germ layer (mesoderm) – bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, smooth muscles, heart muscle, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue. The example of multipotent cells of third germ layer are  [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en|Mesenchymal Stem Cells]]. Multipotent cells reside in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[nisza komórek macierzystych/en|the stem cell &lt;/ins&gt;niches&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, and their number usually decreases with age and with the body's ability to renew itself.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Unipotent stem cells'''– specialized cells with a preserved ability to divide (unlike mature cells), capable to form one cell types of given definite tissue. The example of unipotent stem cells are satellite cells capable to differentiate into myoblasts and then myocytes forming myofibres of skeletal muscle. Another example are osteoblasts capable to differentiate into osteocytes and form bone tissue. The tissue resident unipotent cells respond to damage signals from local environment by activation and starting the process of tissue regeneration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Unipotent stem cells'''– specialized cells with a preserved ability to divide (unlike mature cells), capable to form one cell types of given definite tissue. The example of unipotent stem cells are satellite cells capable to differentiate into myoblasts and then myocytes forming myofibres of skeletal muscle. Another example are osteoblasts capable to differentiate into osteocytes and form bone tissue. The tissue resident unipotent cells respond to damage signals from local environment by activation and starting the process of tissue regeneration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=1175&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę &quot;# '''Totipotent stem cells''' –  they are the most primordial cells – the only type of cells capable to differentiate into all types of embryonic cells and form whol...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2021-06-25T08:27:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Utworzono nową stronę &amp;quot;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Totipotent stem cells&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; –  they are the most primordial cells – the only type of cells capable to differentiate into all types of embryonic cells and form whol...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 08:27, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Linia 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Stem Cell Types=  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Stem Cell Types=  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;najbardziej pierwotne komórki, są &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jedyne komórki w organizmie zdolne do różnicowania się do każdego typu embrionalnych komórek somatycznych i powstania całego organizmu&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Powstają w wyniku zapłodnienia tworząc zygotę &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;następnie w dalszym procesie rozwojowym tworzą blastomery&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Są zdolne do tworzenia łożyska, łączącego płód z organizmem matki&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Totipotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; they are the most primordial cells – the only type of cells capable &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differentiate into all types of embryonic cells and form whole organism&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;They arise as &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;result of fertilization forming zygote and then in further developmental process they create the blastomers&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Totipotent stem cells are capable to form both embryo and extra-embryonic structures such as placenta connecting the embryo with the mothers organism&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki pluripotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;są &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki potomne totipotencjalnych komórek macierzystych i mogą dać początek komórkom trzech listków zarodkowych&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ektodermy&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endodermy i mezodermy&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki te są zdolne do organizowania się i tworzenia dowolnej tkanki w procesie embriogenezy &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;z wyjątkiem komórek łożyska&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Wraz z rozwojem płodu i formowaniem się odrębnych struktur tkankowych&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki pluripotencjalne tracą zdolność do zróżnicowania się w dowolny typ komórek somatycznych na rzecz komórek tkankowo&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specyficznych&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki pluripotencjalne można spotkać tylko podczas rozwoju embrionalnego, nie mogą jedynie przekształcić się powrotnie w komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pluripotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;these cells are descendants of totipotent stem cells and can give rise &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cells of the three germ layers&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ectoderm&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderm and mesoderm&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The cells are capable to organize and form any tissue &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;except placenta&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in the process of embryogenesis&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Along with fetal development and formation of individual tissue structures&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the cells lose their pluripotent character in favor of tissue&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specific character&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The pluripotent cells can be found only during embryonic development and they are unable to go back into totipotent cells&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki multipotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;''' – to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki charakteryzujące się zdolnością do tworzenia tkanek w obrębie jednego z trzech listków zarodkowych&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Multipotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;'''– &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the cells are characterized with ability &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differentiate and form tissue within one of the three germ layers&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pierwszy listek zarodkowy &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ektoderma&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka nerwowa&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka nabłonkowa&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;przydatki skórne&lt;/del&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The first germ layer &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ectoderm&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nerve&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;epithelium&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;skin appendages&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Drugi listek zarodkowy &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderma&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ trawienny&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ oddechowy&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ endokrynny&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ moczowy&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;narządy zmysłów&lt;/del&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The second germ layer &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderm&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;digestive system&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;respiratory system&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endocrine system&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;urinary tract&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sense organs&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trzeci listek zarodkowy &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezoderma&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka kostna&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka chrzęstna&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięśnie szkieletowe&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięśnie gładkie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięsień sercowy&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ścięgna&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;więzadła&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka tłuszczowa&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Przykładem multipotencjalnych komórek trzeciego listka zarodkowego są &lt;/del&gt;[[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(ang&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesenchymal stem &lt;/del&gt;cells &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- MSC). Komórki multipotencjalne rezydują w [[nisza komórek macierzystych|niszach komórek macierzystych]] a ich liczba zwykle maleje wraz z wiekiem i wraz ze zdolnością do samoodnowy organizmu&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The third germ layer &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesoderm&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bone&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cartilage&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;skeletal muscle&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;smooth muscles&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;heart muscle&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tendons&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ligaments&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adipose tissue&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The example of multipotent cells of third germ layer are  &lt;/ins&gt;[[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mesenchymal Stem Cells&lt;/ins&gt;]]. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Multipotent &lt;/ins&gt;cells &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reside in cellular niches, and their number usually decreases with age and with the body's ability to renew itself&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki unipotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Unipotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;'''– &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specialized cells with a preserved ability to divide &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;unlike mature cells&lt;/ins&gt;)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, capable to form one cell types of given definite tissue&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The example of unipotent stem cells are satellite cells capable to differentiate into myoblasts and then myocytes forming myofibres of skeletal muscle&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Another example are osteoblasts capable to differentiate into osteocytes and form bone tissue&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The tissue resident unipotent cells respond to damage signals from local environment by activation and starting the process of tissue regeneration&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Classification of stem cell types by source of origin=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Classification of stem cell types by source of origin=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=1173&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: UWAGA! Zastąpienie treści hasła bardzo krótkim tekstem: „=Bibliography=”</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=1173&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-06-25T08:20:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;UWAGA! Zastąpienie treści hasła bardzo krótkim tekstem: „=Bibliography=”&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 08:20, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– cells residing in the adult body responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many of them have found application in cellular therapies eg. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– cells residing in the adult body responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many of them have found application in cellular therapies eg. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=Bibliography=&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę &quot;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2021-06-25T08:19:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Utworzono nową stronę &amp;quot;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Linia 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Classification of stem cell types by source of origin=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Classification of stem cell types by source of origin=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Embrionalne &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;zarodkowe&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki macierzyste&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pochodzą z komórek zarodka &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki pluripotencjalne&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jednakże&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Embryonic Stem Cells &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ESC&lt;/ins&gt;)''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;derived from embryo cells &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;totipotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or inner cell mass &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pluripotent stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;However&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Płodowe komórki macierzyste &lt;/del&gt;'''– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mogą być pozyskane z krwi pępowinowej i z tkanek popłodu&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;takich jak pępowina czy łożysko; tkanki te stanowią naturalne źródło ich pozyskania, a niewykorzystane poddawane są utylizacji medycznej&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;can be acquired from cord blood&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded according to medical procedures&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;/del&gt;]]'''– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in. komórki krwiotwórcze&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jak i komórki unipotencjalne &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;np&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pozyskanie &lt;/del&gt;[[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;somatycznych komórek macierzystych&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jest dobrze udokumentowane &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Somatic Stem Cells&lt;/ins&gt;]]'''– &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cells residing in the adult body responsible for tissues regeneration&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;These are multipotent stem cells &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hematopoietic cells&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as well as unipotent cells &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;satellite cells of skeletal muscle&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The acquisition of &lt;/ins&gt;[[somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;somatic stem cells&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is well documented &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and many of them have found application in cellular therapies eg&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>FuzzyBot: Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej</title>
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		<updated>2021-06-25T08:11:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pl&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 08:11, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Linia 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Komórki unipotencjalne'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; – komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów (w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych). Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość. Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Komórki unipotencjalne'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; – komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów (w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych). Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość. Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Klasyfikacja komórek macierzystych ze względu na źródło pochodzenia&lt;/del&gt;= &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:3--&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Classification of stem cell types by source of origin&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embrionalne (zarodkowe) komórki macierzyste''' – pochodzą z komórek zarodka (komórki totipotencjalne) lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty (komórki pluripotencjalne), mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu. Jednakże, użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej, zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embrionalne (zarodkowe) komórki macierzyste''' – pochodzą z komórek zarodka (komórki totipotencjalne) lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty (komórki pluripotencjalne), mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu. Jednakże, użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej, zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|Somatyczne komórki macierzyste]]'''– znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację. Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne (m. in. komórki krwiotwórcze) jak i komórki unipotencjalne (np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych). Pozyskanie [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|somatycznych komórek macierzystych]] jest dobrze udokumentowane &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np. przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|Somatyczne komórki macierzyste]]'''– znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację. Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne (m. in. komórki krwiotwórcze) jak i komórki unipotencjalne (np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych). Pozyskanie [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|somatycznych komórek macierzystych]] jest dobrze udokumentowane &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np. przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=Bibliografia= &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;!&lt;/del&gt;--T:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/del&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello &lt;/ins&gt;T&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;44. doi: 10.14670/HH&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|Somatic Stem Cells]]'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|somatic stem cells]] is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Linia 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Klasyfikacja komórek macierzystych ze względu na źródło pochodzenia= &amp;lt;!--T:3--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Klasyfikacja komórek macierzystych ze względu na źródło pochodzenia= &amp;lt;!--T:3--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embrionalne (zarodkowe) komórki macierzyste''' – pochodzą z komórek zarodka (komórki totipotencjalne) lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty (komórki pluripotencjalne), mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu. Jednakże, użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej, zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embrionalne (zarodkowe) komórki macierzyste''' – pochodzą z komórek zarodka (komórki totipotencjalne) lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty (komórki pluripotencjalne), mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu. Jednakże, użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej, zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Płodowe komórki macierzyste '''– mogą być pozyskane z krwi pępowinowej i z tkanek popłodu, takich jak pępowina czy łożysko; tkanki te stanowią naturalne źródło ich pozyskania, a niewykorzystane poddawane są utylizacji medycznej. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Płodowe komórki macierzyste '''– mogą być pozyskane z krwi pępowinowej i z tkanek popłodu, takich jak pępowina czy łożysko; tkanki te stanowią naturalne źródło ich pozyskania, a niewykorzystane poddawane są utylizacji medycznej. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|Somatyczne komórki macierzyste]]'''– znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację. Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne (m. in. komórki krwiotwórcze) jak i komórki unipotencjalne (np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych). Pozyskanie [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|somatycznych komórek macierzystych]] jest dobrze udokumentowane &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np. przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|Somatyczne komórki macierzyste]]'''– znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację. Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne (m. in. komórki krwiotwórcze) jak i komórki unipotencjalne (np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych). Pozyskanie [[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|somatycznych komórek macierzystych]] jest dobrze udokumentowane &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np. przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Bibliografia= &amp;lt;!--T:4--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Bibliografia= &amp;lt;!--T:4--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>FuzzyBot</name></author>
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		<title>FuzzyBot: Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej</title>
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		<updated>2021-06-25T07:29:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Aktualizowanie w celu dopasowania do nowej wersji strony źródłowej&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 07:29, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Pierwszy listek zarodkowy (ektoderma) – tkanka nerwowa, tkanka nabłonkowa, przydatki skórne,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Pierwszy listek zarodkowy (ektoderma) – tkanka nerwowa, tkanka nabłonkowa, przydatki skórne,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Drugi listek zarodkowy (endoderma) – układ trawienny, układ oddechowy, układ endokrynny, układ moczowy, narządy zmysłów,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Drugi listek zarodkowy (endoderma) – układ trawienny, układ oddechowy, układ endokrynny, układ moczowy, narządy zmysłów,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Trzeci listek zarodkowy (mezoderma) – tkanka kostna, tkanka chrzęstna, mięśnie szkieletowe, mięśnie gładkie, mięsień sercowy, ścięgna, więzadła, tkanka tłuszczowa. Przykładem multipotencjalnych komórek trzeciego listka zarodkowego są [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste|mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste]] (ang. mesenchymal stem cells - MSC). Komórki multipotencjalne rezydują w [[nisza &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórkowa&lt;/del&gt;|niszach &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórkowych&lt;/del&gt;]] a ich liczba zwykle maleje wraz z wiekiem i wraz ze zdolnością do samoodnowy organizmu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* Trzeci listek zarodkowy (mezoderma) – tkanka kostna, tkanka chrzęstna, mięśnie szkieletowe, mięśnie gładkie, mięsień sercowy, ścięgna, więzadła, tkanka tłuszczowa. Przykładem multipotencjalnych komórek trzeciego listka zarodkowego są [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste|mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste]] (ang. mesenchymal stem cells - MSC). Komórki multipotencjalne rezydują w [[nisza &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórek macierzystych&lt;/ins&gt;|niszach &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórek macierzystych&lt;/ins&gt;]] a ich liczba zwykle maleje wraz z wiekiem i wraz ze zdolnością do samoodnowy organizmu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Komórki unipotencjalne'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; – komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów (w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych). Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość. Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Komórki unipotencjalne'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; – komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów (w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych). Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np. komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość. Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>FuzzyBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 07:24, 25 cze 2021</title>
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		<updated>2021-06-25T07:24:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 07:24, 25 cze 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;languages/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;languages/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Definiton=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Definiton=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stem cells are primary, unspecialized cells, which are characterized with unlimited self-renewal capacity and differentiation into specialized descendant progenitor cells forming tissues and organs. Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult organism. The proper function of the organism depends on tissue homeostasis, and the maintenance of  [[homeostaza/en|homeostasis]] is related with  stem cell pool, that balances the number of somatic cells in the body. In every organ of the organism systematically appears new cells, which maturate and differentiate into organ-specific cells, and after fulfilling their specific biological function they undergo into programmed cell death called [[apoptoza/en|apoptosis]]. Stem cells, residing in the [[nisza komórek macierzystych/en|stem cell niche]] of a given organ, receive signals from the microenvironment of damaged tissue and initiate the repair process leading to tissue regeneration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stem cells are primary, unspecialized cells, which are characterized with unlimited self-renewal capacity and differentiation into specialized descendant progenitor cells forming tissues and organs. Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult organism. The proper function of the organism depends on tissue homeostasis, and the maintenance of  [[homeostaza/en|homeostasis]] is related with  stem cell pool, that balances the number of somatic cells in the body. In every organ of the organism systematically appears new cells, which maturate and differentiate into organ-specific cells, and after fulfilling their specific biological function they undergo into programmed cell death called [[apoptoza/en|apoptosis]]. Stem cells, residing in the [[nisza komórek macierzystych/en|stem cell niche]] of a given organ, receive signals from the microenvironment of damaged tissue and initiate the repair process leading to tissue regeneration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=Stem Cell Types= &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=Stem Cell Types=&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;najbardziej pierwotne komórki, są &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jedyne komórki w organizmie zdolne do różnicowania się do każdego typu embrionalnych komórek somatycznych i powstania całego organizmu&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Powstają w wyniku zapłodnienia tworząc zygotę &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;następnie w dalszym procesie rozwojowym tworzą blastomery&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Są zdolne do tworzenia łożyska, łączącego płód z organizmem matki&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki pluripotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;są &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki potomne totipotencjalnych komórek macierzystych i mogą dać początek komórkom trzech listków zarodkowych&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ektodermy&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endodermy i mezodermy&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki te są zdolne do organizowania się i tworzenia dowolnej tkanki w procesie embriogenezy &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;z wyjątkiem komórek łożyska&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Wraz z rozwojem płodu i formowaniem się odrębnych struktur tkankowych&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki pluripotencjalne tracą zdolność do zróżnicowania się w dowolny typ komórek somatycznych na rzecz komórek tkankowo&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specyficznych&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki pluripotencjalne można spotkać tylko podczas rozwoju embrionalnego, nie mogą jedynie przekształcić się powrotnie w komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Totipotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– they are the most primordial cells – the only type of cells capable &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differentiate into all types of embryonic cells and form whole organism&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;They arise as &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;result of fertilization forming zygote and then in further developmental process they create the blastomers&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Totipotent stem cells are capable to form both embryo and extra-embryonic structures such as placenta connecting the embryo with the mothers organism&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki multipotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;''' – to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki charakteryzujące się zdolnością do tworzenia tkanek w obrębie jednego z trzech listków zarodkowych&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pierwszy listek zarodkowy &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ektoderma&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka nerwowa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka nabłonkowa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;przydatki skórne&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2. &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pluripotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;these cells are descendants of totipotent stem cells and can give rise &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cells of the three germ layers&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ectoderm&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderm and mesoderm&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; The cells are capable to organize and form any tissue &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;except placenta&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in the process of embryogenesis&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Along with fetal development and formation of individual tissue structures&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the cells lose their pluripotent character in favor of tissue&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specific character&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The pluripotent cells can be found only during embryonic development and they are unable to go back into totipotent cells&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Drugi listek zarodkowy &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderma&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ trawienny&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ oddechowy&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ endokrynny&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;układ moczowy&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;narządy zmysłów&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trzeci listek zarodkowy &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezoderma&lt;/ins&gt;) – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka kostna&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka chrzęstna&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięśnie szkieletowe&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięśnie gładkie&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mięsień sercowy&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ścięgna&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;więzadła&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tkanka tłuszczowa&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Przykładem multipotencjalnych komórek trzeciego listka zarodkowego są &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste&lt;/ins&gt;]] (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ang. mesenchymal stem cells - &lt;/ins&gt;MSC). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki multipotencjalne rezydują w &lt;/ins&gt;[[nisza komórkowa|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;niszach komórkowych&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a ich liczba zwykle maleje wraz z wiekiem i wraz ze zdolnością do samoodnowy organizmu&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Multipotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;'''– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the cells are characterized with ability &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differentiate and form tissue within one of the three germ layers&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki unipotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki wyspecjalizowane do różnicowania się w kierunku zdefiniowanych komórek danej tkanki z zachowaną zdolnością do podziałów &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;w przeciwieństwie do komórek dojrzałych&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Przykładem komórek unipotencjalnych są np&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych różnicujące się do mioblastów a następnie do miocytów - dojrzałych komórek mięśniowych, lub osteoblasty różnicujące się w komórki tworzące kość&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Komórki unipotencjalne rezydują w tkankach i odpowiadają na sygnały związane z uszkodzeniem tkanki poprzez ich aktywację i następową regenerację tkanki&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The first germ layer &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ectoderm&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nerve&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;epithelium&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;skin appendages&lt;/del&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The second germ layer &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endoderm&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;digestive system&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;respiratory system&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;endocrine system&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;urinary tract&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sense organs&lt;/del&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The third germ layer &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesoderm&lt;/del&gt;) – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bones&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cartilage&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;skeletal muscle&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;smooth muscles&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;heart muscle&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tendons&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ligaments&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adipose tissue&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The example of multipotent cells of third germ layer are &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mezenchymalne Komórki Macierzyste/en&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells &lt;/del&gt;]](MSC). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Multipotent cells reside in &lt;/del&gt;[[nisza komórkowa&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cellular niches&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and their number usually decreases with age and with the body's ability to renew itself&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;4. &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Unipotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;'''&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;specialized cells with a preserved ability to divide &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;unlike mature cells&lt;/del&gt;)&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, capable to form one cell types of given definite tissue&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The example of unipotent stem cells are satellite cells capable to differentiate into myoblasts and then myocytes forming myofibres of skeletal muscle&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Another example are osteoblasts capable to differentiate into osteocytes and form bone tissue&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The tissue resident unipotent cells respond to damage signals from local environment by activation and starting the process of tissue regeneration&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Classification of stem cell types by source of origin&lt;/del&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Klasyfikacja komórek macierzystych ze względu na źródło pochodzenia&lt;/ins&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:3--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Embryonic Stem Cells &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ESC&lt;/del&gt;)''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;derived from embryo cells &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;totipotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or inner cell mass &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pluripotent stem cells&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;However&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Embrionalne &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;zarodkowe&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki macierzyste&lt;/ins&gt;''' – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pochodzą z komórek zarodka &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki totipotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lub z węzła zarodkowego blastocysty &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki pluripotencjalne&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mogą przekształcić się we wszystkie rodzaje komórek organizmu&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jednakże&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;użycie embrionalnych komórek macierzystych w celach terapeutycznych budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;zatem ich zastosowanie nie powinno mieć miejsca w medycynie regeneracyjnej&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells&lt;/del&gt;''' – &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;can be acquired from cord blood&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Płodowe komórki macierzyste &lt;/ins&gt;'''– &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mogą być pozyskane z krwi pępowinowej i z tkanek popłodu, takich jak pępowina czy łożysko; tkanki te stanowią naturalne źródło ich pozyskania&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a niewykorzystane poddawane są utylizacji medycznej&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Somatic Stem Cells&lt;/del&gt;]]'''– &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;These are multipotent stem cells &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hematopoietic cells&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as well as unipotent cells &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;satellite cells of skeletal muscle&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The acquisition of &lt;/del&gt;[[somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/en&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;somatic stem cells&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Somatyczne komórki macierzyste&lt;/ins&gt;]]'''– &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;znajdują się w tkankach dorosłego organizmu i są odpowiedzialne za ich regenerację&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Są to zarówno komórki multipotencjalne &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in. komórki krwiotwórcze&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jak i komórki unipotencjalne &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;np&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórki satelitowe mięśni szkieletowych&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pozyskanie &lt;/ins&gt;[[somatyczne komórki macierzyste|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;somatycznych komórek macierzystych&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jest dobrze udokumentowane &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i wiele z nich znalazło zastosowanie w terapiach komórkowych np. przeszczepianie komórek krwiotwórczych w schorzeniach układu hematologicznego.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bibliography&lt;/del&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bibliografia&lt;/ins&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:4--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
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				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;languages/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;languages/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Definiton=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Definiton=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stem cells are primary, unspecialized cells, which are characterized with unlimited self-renewal capacity and differentiation into specialized descendant progenitor cells forming tissues and organs. Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult organism. The proper function of the organism depends on tissue homeostasis, and the maintenance of  [[homeostaza/en|homeostasis]] is related with  stem cell pool, that balances the number of somatic cells in the body. In every organ of the organism systematically appears new cells, which maturate and differentiate into organ-specific cells, and after fulfilling their specific biological function they undergo into programmed cell death called [[apoptoza/en|apoptosis]]. Stem cells, residing in the [[nisza &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórkowa&lt;/del&gt;/en|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cellular &lt;/del&gt;niche]] of a given organ, receive signals from the microenvironment of damaged tissue and initiate the repair process leading to tissue regeneration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stem cells are primary, unspecialized cells, which are characterized with unlimited self-renewal capacity and differentiation into specialized descendant progenitor cells forming tissues and organs. Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult organism. The proper function of the organism depends on tissue homeostasis, and the maintenance of  [[homeostaza/en|homeostasis]] is related with  stem cell pool, that balances the number of somatic cells in the body. In every organ of the organism systematically appears new cells, which maturate and differentiate into organ-specific cells, and after fulfilling their specific biological function they undergo into programmed cell death called [[apoptoza/en|apoptosis]]. Stem cells, residing in the [[nisza &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;komórek macierzystych&lt;/ins&gt;/en|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stem cell &lt;/ins&gt;niche]] of a given organ, receive signals from the microenvironment of damaged tissue and initiate the repair process leading to tissue regeneration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=998&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 13:06, 15 kwi 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://192.168.110.77:8081/index.php?title=Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste/en&amp;diff=998&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-15T13:06:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 13:06, 15 kwi 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)''' – derived from embryo cells (totipotent stem cells) or inner cell mass (pluripotent stem cells), they are able to differentiate into all type of cells of whole organism. However, the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purpose arise ethical concerns, therefore their application should not be considered in regenerative medicine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Feb 26;10(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Fetal and Perinatal Stem Cells''' – can be acquired from cord blood, cord tissue and postpartum placenta - their natural reservoir. In standard conditions the perinatal tissues are discarded  according to medical procedures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004;22(7):1338-45. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W, Zhao J, Qian H, Zhang X. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Sep;30(9):681-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 22.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corrao S, La Rocca G, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Farina F, Anzalone R. Umbilical cord revisited: from Wharton's jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells. Histol Histopathol. 2013 Oct;28(10):1235-44. doi: 10.14670/HH-28.1235. Epub 2013 Apr 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kwon A, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Choi H, Jekarl DW, Lee S, Kim JM, Shin JC, Park IY. Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 5;6:23544. doi: 10.1038/srep23544.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''Somatic Stem Cells'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of somatic stem cells is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|&lt;/ins&gt;Somatic Stem Cells&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;'''– mature cells residing in the adult body and are responsible for tissues regeneration. These are multipotent stem cells (eg. hematopoietic cells) as well as unipotent cells (eg. satellite cells of skeletal muscle). The acquisition of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[somatyczne komórki macierzyste/en|&lt;/ins&gt;somatic stem cells&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;is well documented and many of them have found application in cellular therapies e.g. hematopoietic cell transplantation in the hematological disorders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep 11;3(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Apr;71(8):1353-74. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6. Epub 2013 Oct 25.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elahi KC, Klein G, Avci-Adali M, Sievert KD, MacNeil S, Aicher WK. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Diverge in Their Expression of Cell Surface Proteins and Display Distinct Differentiation Patterns. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5646384. doi: 10.1155/2016/5646384. Epub 2015 Dec 6.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dumont NA, Rudnicki MA. Characterizing Satellite Cells and Myogenic Progenitors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1560:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_12.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Klimczak A, Kozlowska U. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4285215. doi: 10.1155/2016/4285215. Epub 2015 Dec 28.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kozlowska U, Krawczenko A, Futoma K, Jurek T, Rorat M, Patrzalek D, Klimczak A. Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues. World J Stem Cells. 2019 Jun 26;11(6):347-374. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.347.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Bibliography=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Bibliography=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agnieszka Szyposzyńska</name></author>
	</entry>
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