In vitro/en - Historia wersji

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 13:11, 19 maj 2021

2021-05-19T13:11:33Z

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	=Definition=		=Definition=

	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, ~~[[komórki pierwotne/en\|~~primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, primary cells, subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition="

2021-03-10T14:42:05Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition="

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	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=~~Definicja~~=		=Definition=

	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

2021-03-10T14:41:40Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:41, 10 mar 2021
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	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>

	=~~Bibliografia~~=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a..."

2021-03-10T14:41:36Z

Utworzono nową stronę "The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a..."

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:41, 10 mar 2021
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	=Definicja=		=Definicja=

	''In vitro'' ~~- termin wywodzący się z języka łacińskiego „w szkle”~~, ~~odnosi się do badania procesów biologicznych oraz biochemicznych przeprowadzanych poza organizmem w warunkach laboratoryjnych~~. ~~Materiałem dla badań~~ ''in vitro'' ~~mogą być wyizolowane z organizmu narządy~~, ~~fragmenty tkanek~~, [[komórki pierwotne\|~~komórki pierwotne~~]], ~~frakcje subkomórkowe~~, ~~takie jak mitochondria lub pęcherzyki pochodzące z błon komórkowych czy biomolekuły~~, ~~a także mikroorganizmy oraz~~ [[linia komórkowa\|~~linie komórkowe~~]]. ~~Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych~~ ''in vitro''. ~~W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań~~ ''in vivo'' (~~w żywym organizmie~~), ~~modele~~ ''in vitro'' ~~charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania~~, ~~a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych~~. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>

	=Bibliografia=		=Bibliografia=

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	<languages/>		<languages/>
			=Definicja=

	~~=Definition=~~		''In vitro'' - termin wywodzący się z języka łacińskiego „w szkle”, odnosi się do badania procesów biologicznych oraz biochemicznych przeprowadzanych poza organizmem w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Materiałem dla badań ''in vitro'' mogą być wyizolowane z organizmu narządy, fragmenty tkanek, [[komórki pierwotne\|komórki pierwotne]], frakcje subkomórkowe, takie jak mitochondria lub pęcherzyki pochodzące z błon komórkowych czy biomolekuły, a także mikroorganizmy oraz [[linia komórkowa\|linie komórkowe]]. Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>
	~~The term~~ ''in vitro'', ~~arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism~~. ''In vitro'' ~~studies use biological material isolated from a living organism~~, ~~such as organs, tissue samples~~, [[komórki pierwotne~~/en~~\|~~primary cells~~]], ~~subcellular fractions like~~ mitochondria ~~or cellular vesicles~~, ~~and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or~~ [[linia komórkowa~~/en~~\|~~cell lines~~]]. ~~The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse~~ ''in vitro'' ~~models~~. ~~Compared to traditional methods of~~ ''in vivo'' ~~research~~ (~~using living organisms~~), ''in vitro'' ~~models are characterized to be cheaper~~, ~~easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing~~.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>

	=Bibliography= Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>		=Bibliografia=

	=Bibliografia= ~~<!--T:3-->~~

	~~</tranlsate>~~

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 14:37, 10 mar 2021

2021-03-10T14:37:00Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:37, 10 mar 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>

	~~<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">~~
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>
	~~</div>~~

	=Bibliography= Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>		=Bibliography= Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>

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2021-03-10T14:31:52Z

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			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref> Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <~~ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016~~/~~0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref~~>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref>
			</div>

	=Bibliografia= <!--T:2-->		=Bibliography= Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>

			=Bibliografia= <!--T:3-->

			</tranlsate>

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 14:17, 10 mar 2021

2021-03-10T14:17:34Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:17, 10 mar 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>

	~~<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">~~
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM~~, Tyson CA~~. ~~''In Vitro Biological Systems''~~ in ~~Methods~~ in ~~Toxicology~~. ~~1993 Vol~~.1: ~~xix~~-~~xxi~~. doi~~.org/~~10.1016/~~B978-0-12~~-~~461201~~-3.~~50006-2~~ </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c. </ref> Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>
	~~</div~~> Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>

	=Bibliografia= <!--T:2-->		=Bibliografia= <!--T:2-->

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2021-03-10T14:15:28Z

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	<languages/>		<languages/>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM, Tyson CA. ''In Vitro Biological Systems'' in Methods in Toxicology. 1993 Vol.1: xix-xxi. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-461201-3.50006-2 </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM, Tyson CA. ''In Vitro Biological Systems'' in Methods in Toxicology. 1993 Vol.1: xix-xxi. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-461201-3.50006-2 </ref>
			</div> Postępy w biotechnologii osiągnięte w ciągu ostatnich dekad przyczyniły się do rozwoju technik badań pozaustrojowych ''in vitro''. W porównaniu do tradycyjnych metod badań ''in vivo'' (w żywym organizmie), modele ''in vitro'' charakteryzują się niższymi kosztami oraz łatwością utrzymania, a także brakiem specyficznych obciążeń etycznych wynikających z wykorzystania zwierząt dla celów badań naukowych. <ref> Frazier JM. Application of in vitro systems to the prediction of in vivo biokinetics. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995 Aug;9(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00047-c </ref>

	=~~Bibliography~~=		=Bibliografia= <!--T:2-->

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 14:43, 25 sty 2021

2021-01-25T14:43:18Z

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Linia 2:		Linia 2:

	=Definition=		=Definition=
	The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a ~~live~~ organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse in vitro models. Compared to traditional methods of in vivo research (using living organisms), in vitro models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM, Tyson CA. ''In Vitro Biological Systems'' in Methods in Toxicology. 1993 Vol.1: xix-xxi. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-461201-3.50006-2 </ref>		The term ''in vitro'', arising from Latin „in glass”,refers to the research of biological and biochemical processes carried out in laboratory conditions outside of a living organism. ''In vitro'' studies use biological material isolated from a living organism, such as organs, tissue samples, [[komórki pierwotne/en\|primary cells]], subcellular fractions like mitochondria or cellular vesicles, and biomolecules, as well as microorganisms or [[linia komórkowa/en\|cell lines]]. The advances in biotechnology over the past few decades contributed to the development of diverse ''in vitro'' models. Compared to traditional methods of ''in vivo'' research (using living organisms), ''in vitro'' models are characterized to be cheaper, easier to maintain, and free of the ethical burden that comes with animal testing.<ref> Frazier JM, Tyson CA. ''In Vitro Biological Systems'' in Methods in Toxicology. 1993 Vol.1: xix-xxi. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-461201-3.50006-2 </ref>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=