Inżynieria tkankowa/en - Historia wersji

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 13:14, 19 maj 2021

2021-05-19T13:14:28Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:14, 19 maj 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
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	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for ~~[[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|~~regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].
	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 13:52, 10 mar 2021

2021-03-10T13:52:59Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:52, 10 mar 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	~~<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">~~
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].
	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>
	~~</div>~~

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

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2021-03-10T13:42:56Z

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← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:42, 10 mar 2021
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			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].
	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>
			</div>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 14:30, 19 sty 2021

2021-01-19T14:30:59Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 14:30, 19 sty 2021
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (~~such as~~ [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (e.g. [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].
	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

2020-10-20T13:37:59Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Bibliography="

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:37, 20 paź 2020
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	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

	=~~Bibliografia~~=		=Bibliography=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska o 13:37, 20 paź 2020

2020-10-20T13:37:36Z

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:37, 20 paź 2020
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (such as [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu\|growth factors]].		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro/en\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (such as [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu/en\|growth factors]].
	The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

	=Bibliografia=		=Bibliografia=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition= Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for med..."

2020-10-20T13:36:56Z

Utworzono nową stronę "=Definition= Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for med..."

← poprzednia wersja		Wersja z 13:36, 20 paź 2020
Linia 1:		Linia 1:
	<languages/>		<languages/>
	=~~Definicja~~=		=Definition=
	~~Inżynieria tkankowa~~ to ~~dziedzina nauki wykorzystująca postępy w biologii oraz inżynierii materiałowej do tworzenia substytutów biologicznych~~, ~~zazwyczaj na potrzeby~~ [[medycyna regeneracyjna \|~~medycyny regeneracyjnej~~]] ~~celem naprawy uszkodzonych tkanek~~, ~~bądź też do tworzenia modeli do badań~~ ''[[in vitro\|in vitro]]''. ~~Substytuty tkankowe można uzyskać w wyniku mieszanej hodowli odpowiednich rodzajów komórek występujących naturalnie w danej tkance~~, ~~choć często wykorzystuje się także szkielety zbudowane z biopolimerów jako „rusztowania” wspomagające prawidłową organizację komórek oraz zachowanie kształtu tkanki~~. ~~Komórki służące do wytworzenia substytutu tkankowego pozyskuje się z tkanek pacjenta, u którego można stosować leczenie autologicznymi komórkami macierzystymi~~; ~~alternatywnie~~, ~~zastosowanie mogą znaleźć komórki macierzyste pozyskane z tkanek dorosłego organizmu~~ (~~takie jak~~ [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste \|~~mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste~~ ]]) ~~lub indukowane pluripotencjalne komórki macierzyste~~. ~~Oprócz matrycy i komórek~~, ~~do wytworzenia substytutu tkankowego niezbędna jest symulacja odpowiedniego mikrośrodowiska~~, ~~analogicznego do naturalnego środowiska tkanki, poprzez np~~. ~~suplementację~~ [[czynniki wzrostu\|~~czynników wzrostu~~]]. ~~Do pierwszych produktów inżynierii tkankowej należały głównie syntetyczne substytuty skóry~~, ~~używane w leczeniu dużych ubytków skóry powstałych w wyniku ciężkich poparzeń~~; ~~obecnie wykorzystuje się także m.in. substytuty tkanki kostnej i chrzęstnej~~, ~~oskrzeli~~, ~~czy naczyń krwionośnych~~. ~~Pomimo postępów dokonanych w ciągu ostatnich lat~~, ~~tworzenie złożonych tkanek~~ (np. ~~wyposażonych w gruczoły wydzielnicze~~), ~~zapewnienie odpowiedniego ukrwienia tkanki~~, ~~oraz~~ – ~~w przypadku przeszczepu~~ – ~~pełna integracja substytutu tkankowego z otaczającymi tkankami pacjenta wciąż stanowią wyzwanie dla naukowców i lekarzy medycyny regeneracyjnej~~. <ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>		Tissue engineering is a field of science that combines the developments of both engineering and biology to create biological substitutes, usually for [[medycyna regeneracyjna/en\|regenerative medicine]] to repair damaged tissue, or for use as models for ''[[in vitro\|in vitro]]'' research. Tissue substitutes can be produced by co-culture of various types of cells that are found in the native tissue, although scaffoldings made of biopolymers are frequently used to help proper organization of the cells and preserve desired shape of the tissue. The cells necessary for the production of such a substitute can be obtained from the patient who can be treated with autologous stem cells; alternatively, various types of stem cells can be isolated from tissues of an adult organism (such as [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste/en\|mesenchymal stem cells]]), or induced pluripotent stem cells can be applied. Except of the cells and a scaffolding, the development of a tissue substitute also requires a specific microenvironment simulating that of a native tissue, which can be achieved by supplementing the cell culture with e.g. [[czynniki wzrostu\|growth factors]].
			The first products of tissue engineering were predominantly synthetic skin substitutes, used for treatment of large skin defects arising as a result of severe burns; nowadays, substitutes of bone, cartilage, bronchia or blood vessels are also used. However, despite significant advances made in the field over the past several years, the production of complex tissues (e.g. containing secretory glands), the proper vascularization of tissues, and – in the case of a tissue transplant – the full integration of the substitute with native tissue still remains a challenge for researchers and doctors involved in regenerative medicine.<ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

	=Bibliografia=		=Bibliografia=

Agnieszka Szyposzyńska: Utworzono nową stronę "Tissue engineering"

2020-10-20T13:31:42Z

Utworzono nową stronę "Tissue engineering"

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=Definicja=
Inżynieria tkankowa to dziedzina nauki wykorzystująca postępy w biologii oraz inżynierii materiałowej do tworzenia substytutów biologicznych, zazwyczaj na potrzeby [[medycyna regeneracyjna |medycyny regeneracyjnej]] celem naprawy uszkodzonych tkanek, bądź też do tworzenia modeli do badań ''[[in vitro|in vitro]]''. Substytuty tkankowe można uzyskać w wyniku mieszanej hodowli odpowiednich rodzajów komórek występujących naturalnie w danej tkance, choć często wykorzystuje się także szkielety zbudowane z biopolimerów jako „rusztowania” wspomagające prawidłową organizację komórek oraz zachowanie kształtu tkanki. Komórki służące do wytworzenia substytutu tkankowego pozyskuje się z tkanek pacjenta, u którego można stosować leczenie autologicznymi komórkami macierzystymi; alternatywnie, zastosowanie mogą znaleźć komórki macierzyste pozyskane z tkanek dorosłego organizmu (takie jak [[mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste |mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste ]]) lub indukowane pluripotencjalne komórki macierzyste. Oprócz matrycy i komórek, do wytworzenia substytutu tkankowego niezbędna jest symulacja odpowiedniego mikrośrodowiska, analogicznego do naturalnego środowiska tkanki, poprzez np. suplementację [[czynniki wzrostu|czynników wzrostu]]. Do pierwszych produktów inżynierii tkankowej należały głównie syntetyczne substytuty skóry, używane w leczeniu dużych ubytków skóry powstałych w wyniku ciężkich poparzeń; obecnie wykorzystuje się także m.in. substytuty tkanki kostnej i chrzęstnej, oskrzeli, czy naczyń krwionośnych. Pomimo postępów dokonanych w ciągu ostatnich lat, tworzenie złożonych tkanek (np. wyposażonych w gruczoły wydzielnicze), zapewnienie odpowiedniego ukrwienia tkanki, oraz – w przypadku przeszczepu – pełna integracja substytutu tkankowego z otaczającymi tkankami pacjenta wciąż stanowią wyzwanie dla naukowców i lekarzy medycyny regeneracyjnej. <ref>Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 </ref> <ref> Langer R, Vacanti J. Advances in tissue engineering. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jan;51(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022 </ref>

=Bibliografia=